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Hurricane Lidia (1993)
Hurricane Lidia was the strongest tropical cyclone of the 1993 Pacific hurricane season. Forming from a tropical wave on September 8, Lidia steadily organized and became a hurricane on September 10. The hurricane continued to strengthen while developing a well-defined eye, and peaked as a Category 4 hurricane on September 11. However, it weakened considerably before making landfall in Sinaloa as a Category 2 storm. Lidia dissipated near Austin on September 14 and was later absorbed by a cold front. Across Mexico, the hurricane killed seven people; over 100,000 people were forced to evacuate their homes. A total of 160 homes were destroyed and 10,000 people were left homeless because of the storm. In the United States, five people suffered injuries and storm damage totaled $8 million (1993 USD).
==Meteorological history==
A westward-moving tropical wave left the coast of Africa on August 24. Initially, shower activity was minimal, but it increased somewhat as it approached the southern Lesser Antilles. Disorganized, the wave moved through the Southwestern Caribbean Sea on September 3 and 4. The system quickly emerged into the Pacific Ocean, to the south of Central America. After September 7, shower activity began to increase and the cloud pattern became more organized. At this time, the disturbance was located about south of Salina Cruz. After becoming much better organized, it developed well-defined banding features and a well-defined atmospheric circulation. Based on this, the disturbance was upgraded into a tropical depression later that day. It continued to organize, and a nearby ship later reported near gale-force winds far from its center. Based on this, the depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Lidia overnight.
Meanwhile, Lidia was moving to the northwest at around 10 mph (15 km/h). On 0000 UTC September 9, the tropical storm attained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) while located about south-southwest of Salina Cruz. After pausing in intensification for a while, Lidia resumed intensification later that day.〔 Predicted to peak as a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS), the system developed very deep convection and a well-defined outflow.〔 Shortly thereafter, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) upgraded Lidia into a hurricane. Although Hurricane Lidia was expected to parallel the Pacific Coast of Mexico, the agency did note that Lidia could pose a threat to parts of the country. Late on September 9, Hurricane Lidia finally developed an eye, and thus the NHC re-assessed the intensity at 90 mph (150 km/h). Over the next six hours, a wind increase of 15 mph (25 km/h) occurred, and the hurricane reached major hurricane intensity (Category 3 or higher on the SSHS). Lidia was now predicted to threaten the Baja California Peninsula. At 1200 UTC on September 11, Hurricane Lidia reached its peak wind speed of 150 mph (240 km/h) as the hurricane developed a clear and distinct eye.〔
Thunderstorm activity near the eye soon decreased in coverage, and Lidia began a weakening trend. Because of two troughs, one over the northern Gulf of California and another over the Southwestern United States, the weakening system began to re-curve northeast. Heading towards mainland Mexico,〔 the hurricane weakened significantly a day after its peak, in which Lidia was only a mid-level Category 2 hurricane. Continuing to weaken, Lidia made landfall in Sinaloa at 1800 UTC on September 13. Shortly after landfall, Hurricane Lidia then accelerated northeastward and then east-northeastward. It weakened to a depression just after crossing the international border with Texas. Tropical Depression Lidia dissipated near Austin on September 14. The remnants of the cyclone were absorbed by a cold front.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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